This is a cost-effective and highly functional hall-effect sensor. Very easy to interface with all microcontrollers.

This is an integrated Hall effect latched sensor. That's nice but what does it do? Holding a magnet near the sensor will cause the output pin to toggle. This makes for a robust presence sensor. A reed sensor also works nicely, but can be limited by the glass encapsulation and size. A hall effect sensor is much smaller, but can handle less current than a reed switch.

The device includes an on-chip Hall voltage generator for magnetic sensing, a comparator that amplifies the Hall voltage, and a Schmitt trigger to provide switching hysteresis for noise rejection, and open-collector output. An internal bandgap regulator is used to provide temperature compensated supply voltage for internal circuits and allows a wide operating supply range.
 
If a magnetic flux density larger than threshold Bop, DO is turned on (low). The output state is held until a magnetic flux density reversal falls below Brp causing DO to be turned off (high).

Features:

• 3.5V to 24V DC operation voltage
• Low current consumption
• Temperature compensation 
• Wide operating voltage range
• Open-Collector pre-driver
• 50mA maximum sinking output current
• Reverse polarity protection
• Lead Free Package: TO-92